Constitutional Options for Bahrain

The efforts of Professor Chilbi Mallat to offer constitutional options to Middle Eastern regimes that teetered on the verge of regime change were recently published.  Professor Mallat gathered students from across the Tufts and Harvard communities to work on documents that explored the potential movements toward democracy that were available to Egypt and Bahrain by amendment to their respective constitutions.  I participated in the Bahrain effort, the results of which were recently published in the Virginia Journal of International Law.  The organization Right to Nonviolence published the background papers that are associated with the final paper (I helped prepare the backgrounder on the constitutional changes to the Executive Branch.)  Although the entry of Saudi forces into Bahrain several months ago aborted that country’s constitutional moment, the exercise offered an incredible window into the practice of advising on constitutional reform.

Journal’s entry description:  http://www.vjil.org/articles/constitutional-options-for-bahrain
Publication: http://www.vjil.org/assets/pdfs/vjilonline2/Gelbort_Mallat.pdf

Backgrounders:  http://www.righttononviolence.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=98&Itemid=45

Pakistan post-bin Laden

One largely unexpected consequence of America’s successful operation against bin Laden appears to be serious degradation in our ability to work with Pakistan–at least in the near future.  Pakistani government faces internal questions about its ability to secure sovereignty in the face of a blatant breach of its borders with the night time raid.  It faces questions from Congress and from the international community regarding the honesty of its counter-terrorism efforts, given its claimed ignorance that bin Laden lived less than an hour away from the capital.  It seems reasonable for Pakistan to respond to questions from its internal critics by publicly speaking against the U.S. and perhaps even publicly forbidding the U.S. from executing drone operations within its territory.  It also seems reasonable for our allies and Congress to question why we would be working in any way with such an unreliable ally.  Certainly Pakistan should not expect Congress to approve any more resources flowing its way in the near future.  And it’s hard to imagine joint military exercises while American soldiers still hold the suspicion that Pakistani military and intelligence agencies were withholding information.

Haggling in developing countries

I am in a developing country and a guy tries to sell me something.  It's usually a drink, a watch, sunglasses, or something similar.  I get quoted an obviously-inflated price.  The guy wants to get as much money from me as possible.  He gauges how much I would spend, based on my skin color, my clothes, the way I handle myself.  

On the one hand, I should bargain him to death.  I should quote some ridiculously low price, then we go back and forth, I pretend to leave, he drop the price further, and finally we agree to the exchange which, as the Lonely Planet suggests, is typically 7-10 times less than the starting price.
On the other hand, I should give him as much money as possible.  This is a developing country, they need money.  So much of American charity goes to developing countries.  But it's usually far away and some of it goes toward administrative costs.  Here is a person in a developing country, so what are you waiting for?  Empty your pockets!
Of course, reality is more complex.  Developing countries don't need money, they need smart investments.  Simply giving away money feeds a cycle of dependency.  Many people paying too much for an item inflates its price for others. Perhaps it distorts market forces by falsely inflating demand; although perhaps not if you planned to buy the item anyway.  And paying an haggled-down price still gets me the money and gets the seller profit — or else he likely wouldn't sell. 
Maybe the confusion I feel about haggling with a merchant in a developing country can be resolved with a premium I pre-commit to pay for anything I buy.  I would haggle down the price, then pay the agreed price plus the premium.  A guilt premium, perhaps?

A subway ride in Beijing

I rode the subway today back to the Westin hotel from Beijing's Capital Museum.  The subway was fairly empty by Beijing standards.  Most seats were taken and some people were standing.  At one stop some seats empty out and a family of four gets on, a grandmother, grandfather, mother, and son.  They head for an empty seat.  The child, a plump five or six year old, plops on the seat ahead of his grandmother.  His mother hurriedly tries to shush him out of the seat.  His grandmother stands closet to the seat, but the child is bewildered.  The mother starts talking sternly to her son.  People are starting to stare.  Such disrespect of one's elders in simply unacceptable here.  Then again, he is only a child, does he know better?  He squirms and pushes back against his mother.  One of the men sitting across from this situation looks up at me.  Sheepishly, he smiles.  The subway car is observing a middle class family losing face, and there is a white man aboard.

The mother, using a combination of stern words and pushing, eventually convinces the son to move.  His grandmother takes his seat.  And just like that, the commotion settles and all returns to normal:  passengers are staring into space, talking to each other, reading.  The child has stopped crying and started gawking at me.  He is their only one.  And unless they pay a hefty penalty, he'll remain the only one.  And his now-flustered grandmother, who probably usually feeds him candy and spoils him to tears, is now thinking, however briefly, that this might be a good thing.

Right shoulder up

A great article about Japan.

"Three years ago, I saw a television program about a new breed of youngster: the nonconsumer. Japanese in their late teens and early 20s, it said, did not have cars. They didn’t drink alcohol. They didn’t spend Christmas Eve with their boyfriends or girlfriends at fancy hotels downtown the way earlier generations did. I have taught many students who fit this mold. They work hard at part-time jobs, spend hours at McDonald’s sipping cheap coffee, eat fast food lunches at Yoshinoya. They save their money for the future."

Sun Tzu and a watch

I enjoyed browsing the Beijing Antique Market at Panjiayuan Street today.  I made two great purchases, a knockoff watch and a copy of Sun Tsu's "Art of War" printed on a wooden scroll.

This is the closest approximation of the wooden scroll I bought:  http://yeschinatour.com/china-guides/chinese-culture/art-of-war-sun-tzu/
I cannot find an pictorial approximation of the watch.  The watch face and mechanism are enclosed in a glass orb and bound by a bronze band.  A linked bronze chain is attached to the band on one end; at the other end is a small bell with four small linked chains instead of a bell.  The glass has several scratches; a thumb print is visible on the inside of one of the glass hemispheres.  To change the time, the hemisphere with the mechanism has to be removed.  The face reads:  "Woumei / Made in Swit-zerland 1882." Google in China has not shown me any evidence that this watch is real.  It is probably fake.  The Swiss watchmaker in Harvard Square will know for sure.